News | February '10 | Warning on nanoparticles
Apart
from being man-made materials
which couldn't ever arise naturally, nano-particles and transgenes
share some important, and worrying features. One,
getting
real information about them is like pulling teeth. Two,
there's no public record of exactly what they are, where they are or
what they do. Three, no appropriate safety tests
have been
developed. And, four, they'll become an irremovable
feature
of your body.
At
the beginning of 2010, a House of
Lords Committee sounded a very serious health warning. Its concern
was the emerging use of nanotechnology in foods, cosmetics and
packaging, all of which will end up inside us.
Nanaparticles
are man-made
micro-complexes of materials. There's no definition, except that at
least one dimension of the particle usually measures less than 100
nanometers (1 nanometer is 1/1000 of a millimeter). Also, an
essential property is that they don't aggregate, or they wouldn't be
nanoparticles any more. Nanoparticles, therefore, have an
unnaturally independent quality which gives them unusual properties
totally different from the macro-materials they are modelled on.
Their
small size is the basis of their
usefulness to man, but also the source of their danger. The
combination of small size and artificial nature enables nanoparticles
to penetrate living tissues with ease, and makes them unrecognisable
to the immune system.
Although
nanoparticles are difficult to
detect and persist inside cells, their disruptive effects could be
very far-reaching.
The
Lords Committee is urging the
government and research coucnils to act now to “fill in the
significant gaps in our knowledge about how nanomaterials behave in
the human body and to ensure that there are no safety concerns in
this rapidly developing area”.
The
Committee stressed the need for the
Food Standards Agency to keep a public register of all food and
packaging containing nanoparticles. It also warned that the evident
secrecy surrounding the research and use of nanoparticles
“may
bring about the public reaction it is trying to avert”.
OUR COMMENT
Such
unnatural materials cannot be
examined using our older, routine toxicological tests. The gaps in
knowledge on the implications of such particles to health will only
be filled by long-term testing using techniques which examine the
fine structure and function of cells. When a few such tests were
belatedly applied to GM foods, indications that the cells of vital
organs such as the liver, were under stress have, indeed, emerged.
Geneticists
have confirmed that any
kind of stress (emotional, physical, infection, inflammation etc.)
can trigger cancer-promoting genes, even in distant tissues. How
much greater will our susceptibility to cancer or other chronic
diseases become if our vital organs are being stressed by a GM diet,
by nano-articles, or both together?
The
most interesting thing about the
Lords' report is that it makes clear that the lessons of GM are in
their awareness: a novel material was slipped into the diet without
appropriate safety testing, without labelling and without any record
of where it came from or where it ended up.
If
the House of Lords warning on
nanoparticles is heeded and tests for cellular disturbance are
developed, be ready to require
such tests be applied to GM foods for all the same reasons they are
needed for nanoparticles.
SOURCES:
-
Miles Erwin, Any stress can trigger cancer, say scientists, Metro, 14.01.10
-
Peers criticise food industry secrecy on nanotechnology, Guardian, 9.01.10
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Malatesta et al. (2002) Ultrastructural morphometrical and immunocytochemical analyses of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean, Cell Structure and Function 27
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Malatesta et al. (2002) Ultrastructural analysis of pancreatic acinar cells from mice fed on genetically modified soybean, Journal of Anatomy 201(5)
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Malatesta et al. (2003) Fine structural analyses of pancreatic acinar cell nuclei from mice fed on gentically modified soybean, Letter to the Editor, European Journal of Histochemistry 47:4
-
Vecchio et al. (2004) Ultrastructural analysis of testes from mice fed on genetically modified soybean, European Journal of Histochemistry 48:4
-
Malatesta et al. (2008) A long-term study on female mice fed on a genetically modified soybean: effects on liver ageing, Histochemical Cell Biology 130
-
Magaňa-Gómez (2008) Pancreatic response of rats feed genetically modified soybean, Journal of Applied Toxicology 28